The content of this article is a little bit difficult. If you are just a python enthusiast, you can ignore this tutorial. If you are a computer-related professional learner or practitioner, then I suggest you read it carefully.

The number we usually use is decimal, and 1 is entered every 10, while the computer uses binary. In addition, sometimes you will encounter octal and hexadecimal. In fact, as long as you master the method, it is not difficult to understand these bases. The conversion between each other is not complicated, let’s take a look at a decimal example

432

Of course you know that 4 is in the hundreds place, 3 is in the tens place, and 2 is in the ones place. This value can be described in another way.

4*102 + 3*101 + 1*100 = 400 + 30 + 1 This formula is introduced to give you a better understanding of how to convert other numbers into decimal

1. Manually calculate the hexadecimal conversion

1.1 Binary to decimal

Take 1101010 as an example to explain how to convert to a decimal value

1101010 = 1*26 + 1*25 + 0*24 + 1*23 + 0*22 + 1*21 + 0*20 = 64 + 32 + 8 + 4 = 106 The binary value in python starts with 0b

print(0b1101010) # 106

1.2 Octal to Decimal

If you have understood how to convert binary to decimal, then it becomes easy to convert octal to decimal. Take octal 125 as an example.

125 = 1*82 + 2*81 + 5*80 = 64 + 16 + 5 = 85 In python, the octal value starts with 0o

print(0o125) # 85

1.3 Hexadecimal to Decimal

Hexadecimal is slightly more troublesome than octal. Hexadecimal is 1 in every hexadecimal system, so the value of a single digit will exceed 9, and the part exceeding 9 will be used in sequence a, b, c, d, e, f, respectively representing 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15.

Take hexadecimal 3f2a1 as an example. 3f2a1 = 3*164 + 15*163 + 2*162 + 10*161 + 1*160 = 196608 + 61440 + 512 + 160 + 1 = 258721

The hexadecimal value in python starts with 0x

print(0x3f2a1) # 258721

2. Use functions to convert hexadecimal

2.1 Binary, octal, and hexadecimal conversion to decimal

value = int('1101010', 2)
print(value) # 106

value = int('125', 8)
print(value) # 85

value = int('3f2a1', 16)
print(value) # 258721

Use the int function to convert binary, octal, and hexadecimal values ​​into decimal values, and the beginning of the string can not carry the hexadecimal identifier, if you like to use it, you can also write int('0x3f2a1', 16)

2.2 Convert decimal to binary, octal, hexadecimal

Use the bin() function to convert decimal to binary, oct() to convert decimal to octal, and hex() to convert decimal to hexadecimal

print(bin(106)) # 0b1101010 decimal to binary
print(oct(85)) # 0o125 Decimal to octal
print(hex(258721)) # 0x3f2a1 Decimal to hexadecimal

2.3 Octal, hexadecimal to binary

There is no function to directly convert an octal or hexadecimal number into binary, so you need to use the int() function to convert the octal number to decimal first, and then use the bin() function to convert the decimal number to binary

print(bin(int('125', 8))) # octal to binary
print(bin(int('0x3f2a1', 16))) # hexadecimal to binary

2.4 Binary to octal, hexadecimal

Binary to octal can be converted directly using the oct function, while binary to hexadecimal requires the int function

print(oct(0b1101010)) # Binary to octal
print(hex(int('1101010', 2))) # Binary to hexadecimal

2.5 Conversion between octal and hexadecimal

Hexadecimal to octal, you can use the oct function directly, and octal to hexadecimal requires the int function

print(oct(0x3f2a1)) # hexadecimal to octal
print(hex(int('125', 8))) # octal to hexadecimal

The most powerful is the oct function, which can directly convert the values ​​of the other three bases into octal.